expert reaction to study looking at menopausal hormone therapy after early-stage breast cancer, and breast cancer recurrence – Science Media Centre

July 20, 2022

An observational study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute looks at the use of hormone therapy After Early Breast Cancer.

Prof Paul Pharoah, Professor of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, said:

This is a large, observational study (that is it is not a randomised controlled trial) investigating the potential association between vaginal estrogen therapy or menopausal hormone therapy use in women with early breast cancer and recurrence of the breast cancer. All the women with cancer had been treated with some form of anti-estrogen therapy that can be associated with symptoms of the menopause. Most of the women who had some form of treatment for menopausal symptoms used vaginal estrogen therapy (1,222) and only 117 had used menopausal hormone therapy in the form of patches or tablets.

The numbers of women using menopausal hormone therapy in the form of patches or tablets was too small to make any meaningful inferences about the effects on recurrence.

The main findings were that vaginal estrogen therapy was not associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence. However there was some evidence that the subgroup of women whose breast cancer was treated with an aromatase inhibitor are at a slightly increased risk of recurrence.

The data on which the study is based are of a high quality and the analyses appear to be sound. These results are reassuring for women who get menopausal symptoms as a result of treatment of their breast cancer with tamoxifen, but they cannot definitively rule out a small increase in risk as all observational studies are prone to some forms of bias and the interpretation of the results can be difficult.

[An example of why the results may not be as straightforward as they seem. Subtle but could be important:- For example, women who use vaginal estrogen therapy or menopausal hormone therapy are likely to have more severe symptoms. Such symptoms may indicate that the breast cancer therapy they are taking is more effective and so these women might be expected to have better outcomes rather than the similar outcomes observed in this study. This is conjecture, but the truth cannot be known outside a randomised controlled trial. A fundamental problem with observational studies is small risks v hard to rule in or out.]

Dr Channa Jayasena, Consultant Reproductive Endocrinologist, Imperial College London, said:

Breast cancer treatment often involves blocking actions of the female hormone, oestrogen. This is because oestrogen can feed the growth of breast tumours. Unfortunately, women surviving breast cancer may feel symptoms of low oestrogen like vaginal dryness, low mood or hot flushes. The authors have conducted a huge study of over 8000 women treated for breast cancer in Denmark. It has been analysed appropriately, and their results look credible.

20% of these women also took vaginal creams containing oestrogen; very little of this cream escapes to the rest of body. 2% of women with breast cancer took HRT tablets containing oestogen, which would certainly raise oestogen levels in the whole body. Overall, their results have failed to demonstrate risk associated with giving HRT tablets. However this was an observational study. It is therefore possible that doctors gave HRT tablets to those women who they were most confident would not have breast cancer coming back (because the tumour was very small and not aggressive). So, it seems premature to recommend HRT to women after breast cancer based on just this study. However, the results suggest that future trials looking at the safety of HRT are warranted.

Dr Annice Mukherjee, Consultant Endocrinologist, Spire Manchester Hospital, said:

It should be emphasised that this study includes women with early-stage breast cancer who did not receive chemotherapy. They are therefore a highly selected group with a lower risk of recurrence than women with more advanced disease at presentation who are treated with chemotherapy.

The data are very reassuring for the use of vaginal oestrogen therapy and this is consistent with previous data. The long follow-up times are also extremely helpful and reassuring, although there remains some question about women who are treated with aromatase inhibitors.

The numbers in the systemic menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) groups are far too small to make any new conclusions about safety of systemic MHT. Also, as with all the previous observational studies there is effectively a healthy user bias, because women who were prescribed MHT had smaller tumours and other parameters suggesting they were at the lowest overall risk of recurrence than non-users of MHT or those excluded from the analysis with more advanced disease at presentation.

The study supports an individualised approach to managing menopause symptoms in women who have had breast cancer and the nuances mean that decisions should be made by specialists involved in the multidisciplinary care of breast cancer survivors.

Systemic or Vaginal Hormone Therapy After Early Breast Cancer: A Danish Observational Cohort Study by Sren Cold et al. was published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute at 05:01 UK time on Wednesday 20 July 2022.

DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac112

Declared interests

Prof Paul Pharoah: I have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Dr Channa Jayasena: No conflicts.

Dr Annice Mukherjee: No declarations other than being a Society for Endocrinology member.

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expert reaction to study looking at menopausal hormone therapy after early-stage breast cancer, and breast cancer recurrence - Science Media Centre

Climate change is making plants more stressed. But this hormone could help them out – ZME Science

Plants have the capacity to grow continually for hundreds of years, and always towards the light of the sun, which gives them the energy to sprout and grow. But the changing conditions imposed by climate change are altering the normal growth of plants, making them more stressed as they have to cope with higher temperatures and extreme weather events.

Looking for solutions, scientists from US Riverside are now exploring the mechanism through which plants produce salicylic acid, hormone and precursor to aspirin that protects plants from environmental hazards. The research team wants to better understand what role this acid plays in plants so that they can encourage plants to produce more of it, which would protect them further from climate change.

Because salicylic acid helps plants withstand stresses becoming more prevalent with climate change, being able to increase plants ability to produce it represents a step forward in challenging the impacts of climate change on everyday life, Katayoon Dehesh, a senior paper author and UCR professor, explains.

Salicylic acid (SA) plays a big role in the growth and development of all plants, increasing their response to stressors both biotic (living) and abiotic (physical). It acts as a stimulant or transmitter of the cell to tolerate environmental stress conditions, such as coldness, heat waves, and dryness, as well as conditions of ammonia tensions and salt stress.

One of the most important effects of salicylic acid is stimulating the production of antioxidants, which increases the plants response and tolerance to various diseases and helps cope with stress. SA also has important physiological roles, such as stimulating flowering and nutrient transfer and controlling protein synthesis.

Humans are also very familiar with this type of acid. Beyond its functions in plants, SA and one of its derivates (commonly known as aspirin) are important pharmacological agents for humans. Its commonly used for acne, psoriasis and warts while aspiring is among the most used medications in the world. Its used to treat fever, pain and inflammation while reducing the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Researchers at UC Riverside published a paper on how plants regulate the production of SA. They focused on a specific plant (Arabidopsis, a commonly used plant in many experiments) but believe they could apply their findings of stress responses in the cells of this plant to many other types of plants, including those used to grow food, thus improving crop resistance amid climate change.

Environmental stress triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species in all living organisms including humans. As with other substances, the key is in the amount. At low levels, this reactive oxygen has an important function in plants, enabling the production of protective hormones like SA, study author Jin-Zheng Wang explained. But the continuous build-up of it can trigger DNA alterations and other problems.

The researchers discovered that heat, drought or persistent sunshine causes the sugar-making apparatus in plant cells to create an initial alarm molecule known as MEcPP. Accumulation of the molecule triggers the production of SA, which begins a chain of protective actions in the cells. Its like plants used a painkiller for their aches and pains.

Going forward, the researchers would like to learn more about the molecule, which is also produced in organisms such as malaria parasites and bacteria. This could allow finding ways to boost the survival of plants amid climate change, which would mean benefits for everyone, considering plants clean the air, offer shade and provide habitats for animals.

The study was published in the journal Science Advances.

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Climate change is making plants more stressed. But this hormone could help them out - ZME Science

The Daily Stream: Andr The Giant Documentary Proves He Truly Was The Eighth Wonder Of The World – /Film

Thanks to the internet allowing a view into celebrity lives unlike ever before, Andr the Giant very well may be the last great folk hero. The image of Roussimoff was titanic in nature by virtue of his size, wearing 22 size shoes, with hands that could cover an adult man's entire face, and a towering height rumored to be 7'4" before his numerous back surgeries, but everything else about him was also notoriously huge. He could throw around the 6-foot-8 Big John Studd like nothing, could easily drink a case of wine as a pre-game warm-up, and was said to rip farts that could clear out a whole room. There was no such thing as "go big or go home," because when it comes to Andr the Giant, big is home.

Unfortunately, this meant that the circumstances which led to his colossal size were ignored. Roussimoff was born with acromegaly, a rare condition where the body produces too much growth hormone, causing body tissues and bones to grow more quickly. Not only did Andr spend much of his life in the physically demanding and taxing world of professional wrestling, but he had to travel without any proper accommodations. "It'd be like having to sit on baby furniture for your entire life," Hulk Hogan describes. As much as Andr was beloved the world over, he was also seen as a "freak of nature" by those who were unfamiliar with him. In the doc, "Mean" Gene Okerlund recounts a few touching instances where he confesses Andr would be brought to tears by some of the hurtful comments from strangers, but he'd never let the public see him cry.

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The Daily Stream: Andr The Giant Documentary Proves He Truly Was The Eighth Wonder Of The World - /Film

Bring your empties to The Beer Store in Hawkesbury to support HGH Foundation – The Review Newspaper

The Hawkesbury and District General Hospital (HGH) Foundation and The Beer Store are inviting members of the community to bring empties to The Beer Store in Hawkesbury from now until August 28 to donate in support of their regional hospital.

The funds raised will help the HGH Foundation achieve its mission to improve the care and services offered by the Hawkesbury hospital. Support will allow the hospital to acquire state-of-the-art equipment needed to meet the health care needs of the community and will also help HGH develop new programs and services for thegrowing region. This will enable access to more specialty care, closer to hom for local patients and families.

Led by Store Manager, Kirk Manson, the staff at The Beer Stores Hawkesbury location is proud to organize this fundraiser to help support their regional hospital. Customers are invited to participate through monetary donations or donations of empty cans and bottles. The Beer Store in Hawkesbury is located at 1036 Lansdowne Street.

For the third year in a row, The Beer Store is proud to be part of a fundraiser for the Hawkesbury and District General Hospital Foundation. Collectively alongside our customers, we have raised close to $14,000 over the lifetime of this event, and we are hoping to beat that number this year! Manson said. We accept donations through empty returns, as well as cash donations at the registers. Stop by, come see us, and drop off some of your empties towards a great cause!

The HGH Foundation is very happy to be the beneficiary of this fundraiser once again this year, said Christine Gray-St-Denis. We are grateful to The Beer Store and its customers for their continuous support. Thank you for making a difference for our hospital!

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Bring your empties to The Beer Store in Hawkesbury to support HGH Foundation - The Review Newspaper

Exhibitors report 30% higher biz at HGH India – The Hans India

Hyderabad: HGH India concluded its 11th edition at India Expo Centre, Greater Noida, with an all-time high business reported by over 70 per cent of the exhibitors.

Number of trade buyers across all four categories i.e. home textiles, home dcor, houseware and gifts too exceeded all previous editions, making a total of 37,260 visitors to HGH India 2022. Coming for sourcing from over 560 cities and towns, they clearly established the growing demand for high quality and branded home products even in the tier 2 and tier 3 cities and towns of India.

Most of the exhibitors reported a 25-30 per cent growth in the business as compared to previous editions which is a clear sign of markets becoming better. The growing demand for home products shows the pandemic effects are wearing off at the retail level.

Arun Roongta, MD, HGH India, said: "There is a visible spike in the penetration of the market which is getting deeper and wider. In these B towns, consumption of high quality home products is going up. Prosperity in the Indian economy with a growth rate of 7-8 per cent seems to be real and widely spread & is no longer restricted to the urban markets and the metro cities alone."

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Exhibitors report 30% higher biz at HGH India - The Hans India

Overview Panoramic Thermal Imaging Cameras Market 2022-2028 Business Analysis by Top Companies like Sierra Pacific Innovations, HGH, IRay Technology,…

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Overview Panoramic Thermal Imaging Cameras Market 2022-2028 Business Analysis by Top Companies like Sierra Pacific Innovations, HGH, IRay Technology,...

From WBC to ANZ: Why are these NZX banking shares in news today? – Kalkine Media

The banking sector reported growth despite an economic slowdown in New Zealand. The big banks reported strong FY22 results. The big two banks also made significant announcements today, which are likely to have an impact on their businesses and bottom lines. Their respective shares were trading mixed on Monday.

Earlier, the banks were also impacted by the OCR hike delivered by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ). Last week, the central bank raised the OCR by 50 bps. Most economists are expecting a 50bps increase, lifting the total OCR to 2.5% from 2%.

Against this background, lets see how are some banking stocks doing.

Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (NZX:ANZ,ASX:ANZ)

ANZ is one of the largest banks operating in New Zealand. The bank struck a deal with the Suncorp Group of Australia. According to the terms of the deal, Suncorp will be selling its banking arm to ANZ. The total transaction cost of the deal is to the tune of AU$4.9 billion. The deal is expected to give a boost to the retail and commercial business. The combination of ANZ and Suncorp is likely to make the joint entity stand third largest bank in household lending and household deposits, said the announcement on the NZX.

Suncorp has a large customer base in the home loan segment itself. The business is well established, especially in the home loan segment. According to the terms of the agreement, the CEO of Suncorp Van Clive will report to ANZs CEO. ANZ expects to complete the deal by the second half of CY2023.

On 18 July, the stock was trading flat at NZ$23.950, at the time of writing.

Heartland Group Holdings Limited (NZX:HGH)

HGH is an NZ-based financial services company of New Zealand. It operates through its banking subsidiary called Heartland Bank Limited. In June, HGH completed the acquisition of StockCo Australia. The acquisition is for a total consideration of AU$154.4 million. It is expected to expand HGHs product offerings in Australia with the help of StockCo.

The Company reported strong growth in its FY22 half-yearly results. The NPAT grew 7.8%. The interim dividend announced by the company was 5.5 cps in 1HFY22, up from 1.5 cps in 1HFY21.

On 18 July, the stock was trading up 1.49% at NZ$2.040, at the time of writing.

Westpac Banking Corporation(NZX:WBC)

Westpac is a top bank of New Zealand with headquarters in Sydney, Australia. The bank has been highly profitable due to lending activity. In the first six months of FY22, it made profits to the tune of NZ$635 partly due to the sale of its insurance arm. Its loan book was up 4% to NZ$94 billion and its mortgage lending activity was also up 7% to NZ$62.2 billion. It paid a dividend of 61 cps with 8 cps as imputed credits. The dividend was paid on 27 June.

On 18 July, the stock was trading up 2.53% to NZ$22.25, at the time of writing.

Bottom Line: Banking stocks have done major acquisitions to enhance their businesses and increase the spread and the product portfolio.

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From WBC to ANZ: Why are these NZX banking shares in news today? - Kalkine Media

Beard Growth: Tips to Speed Up the Process – Medical News Today

Although exercising and eating a nutritious diet may speed up beard growth, the main factors that determine how fully a persons beard will grow are hormones and genetics.

Males start to grow facial hair during puberty. Many of them will notice that their facial hair first begins to grow on the upper lip.

Other areas people may notice early facial hair growth include the chin or the sides of the face near the ears, which people refer to as sideburns.

Facial hair grows differently for everyone. Some individuals may be able to grow a full beard during late stage or even middle stage adolescence. Others may continue to have sparse areas of growth until their late 20s, while some may never experience significant facial hair growth.

This article will explore what factors influence a persons beard growth and whether it is possible for someone to make their beard grow faster.

Genetics and hormones are the main factors that determine how quickly and fully a persons beard will grow. Their lifestyle and habits may also affect how their beard grows.

Testosterone is a hormone that affects the growth of facial hair, and its levels can vary. Males between 19 and 38 typically have a range of 264 to 916 nanograms per deciliter. This represents the 2.5th to 97.5th percentile for testosterone.

Low testosterone can adversely affect beard growth. For males with low testosterone, taking supplements under a doctors supervision may help increase beard growth.

If a persons testosterone levels fall within typical ranges, taking supplements will most likely not affect their beard growth.

Genetics also affect the way a persons beard grows. Some genes make them more prone to growing a fuller beard, while others may only ever be able to grow a sparse or patchy beard or other facial hair.

The health and well-being of a person affect how their whole body functions, including how their beard grows. Even though it is not possible to alter someones genes, lifestyle habits they can adopt may help them achieve a fuller beard.

Exercise improves blood flow, which helps stimulate hair follicle growth. Exercises, such as weightlifting and strength training, may also help boost a persons testosterone levels.

During the day, testosterone levels naturally fluctuate in young males, with a higher level in the morning and a lower level in the afternoon.

Good nutrition from eating a balanced diet may help in growing a beard and staying healthy.

According to a 2015 study, obesity and low testosterone have a bidirectional relationship, meaning that low testosterone can lead to obesity and obesity can lead to low testosterone.

Nutrients, such as zinc, may also be beneficial for testosterone levels. A nutritious diet will not override genetics, but it may help the existing hair grow healthier and fuller. Some foods that can help include:

Some supplements can contribute toward maintaining a persons health in a way that is conducive to growing their beard as fully as their genetic makeup will allow.

A person may wish to take a multivitamin containing iron and zinc if their diet does not provide them with sufficient amounts of these nutrients.

However, there are no supplements that will enable a person to grow a beard if they do not have the genes to do so.

Maintaining a healthy skin care routine, including keeping the beard clean, can positively affect how a persons beard will grow and look.

Exfoliating the face can help remove dead skin cells and debris from around each hair follicle, allowing the hair to grow through the skin unimpeded. Exfoliating can also reduce ingrown hairs under the beard.

Leave-in conditioners for beards can nourish the hair and keep it moisturized. This helps reduce and prevent beard dandruff and makes the beard look fuller. It is best to perform a patch test to find out which products work best for the beard.

As well as being necessary for overall health, sleep can also aid beard growth.

The testosterone levels in males generally increase when they are asleep. A 2015 study found that reducing the amount of daily sleep lowered testosterone levels in healthy young males.

Keeping a beard clean and moisturized can help it appear thicker. However, there is no certain routine with scientific backing that can thicken a growing beard.

However, some anecdotal evidence suggests that olive oil and avocado oil could thicken beards.

It is possible that these may work the way leave-in conditioners do by keeping the beard nourished and moisturized.

Growing a beard depends mostly on a persons genetics.

However, testosterone plays some role in determining how fast and well someones beard will grow.

Making sure to keep testosterone levels within a stable, healthy range by regularly exercising, eating well, getting sufficient, restful sleep, and exfoliating can help a persons beard grow as thick and full as it is naturally able.

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Beard Growth: Tips to Speed Up the Process - Medical News Today

Shrink Your Belly After 50 With This Total-body Workout, Trainer Says Eat This Not That – Eat This, Not That

Losing belly fat can be a grueling process, and unfortunately, it gets more difficult once you hit 50 and up. As you age, your body endures many changes. You lose lean muscle mass, and hormones like melatonin, estrogen, testosterone, and growth hormone decrease. That's why it's crucial to stay active and consistent with strength training. Needless to say, if you want to shrink your belly after 50, the key is to incorporate full-body strength training workouts into your fitness regimen.

Muscle is your fountain of youth, as it keeps your metabolism up and helps you stay lean. So we've put together an effective total-body workout that will sculpt muscle, burn calories, and be a major player in your belly fat loss journey. Read on to learn more about this routine, and get ready to shrink your belly. And next up, don't miss The 6 Best Exercises for Strong and Toned Arms in 2022, Trainer Says.

For this exercise, you're going to stand in front of the kettlebell with your feet outside of the weight. Push your hips back, and squat down low enough to grab the kettlebell. Make sure your shoulders are in line with the handle and your torso is straight. Keep your core tight and shoulders down, and pick up the kettlebell by pushing through your heels and hips. Stand up tall, and flex your glutes at the top. Reverse the motion to put the weight down before performing another rep. Complete 3 sets of 10 reps.6254a4d1642c605c54bf1cab17d50f1e

Related: The #1 Workout To Lose Your Beer Gut for Good, Trainer Says

Grab a single dumbbell and hold it up to your shoulders with your feet shoulder-width distance apart. Keeping your chest tall and core tight, press the weight all the way up until your arm is fully extended, flexing your tricep and shoulder at the top. Lower under control until back to the starting position before performing another rep. Complete 3 sets of 10 to 12 reps on each arm.

To perform the Bodyweight Row, grab the equipment that's available to you. It can be rings (as I have here), a bar, or a TRX/suspension strap. If you're using a strap, make sure to use a neutral grip (palms facing you). If you have a bar, either use the pronated (palms overhand) or supinated (underhand) grip.

Stick your feet forward, and lean back slightly to at least 45 degrees. Keeping your core tight and hips high, pull yourself in by driving with your elbows towards your hips. Squeeze your lats and upper back hard to finish, then straighten your arms fully until your shoulder blades stretch at the bottom before performing another rep. Perform 3 sets of 12 to 15 reps.

Related: Get a Flatter Stomach With These Quick Daily Exercises, Trainer Says

Start the movement by holding a pair of dumbbells with your feet shoulder-width distance apart. Keeping your chest tall, step out to the side while pushing your hips back. Let the trailing leg lengthen, stretching the inner thigh. Push yourself back to the starting position with the heel of the working leg before stepping out to the other side. Complete 3 sets of 10 reps on each leg.

Tim Liu, C.S.C.S.

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Shrink Your Belly After 50 With This Total-body Workout, Trainer Says Eat This Not That - Eat This, Not That

The #1 Fastest Way to Look Younger, Says Science Eat This Not That – Eat This, Not That

All the cosmetic surgery in the world can't undo the damage of an unhealthy lifestyle, but adapting just a few health habits can turn back the clockboth on the outside and the inside. Here are five things that will make you look younger, according to experts. Read onand to ensure your health and the health of others, don't miss these Sure Signs You've Already Had COVID.

Protecting your skin from the sun can take years off your face, experts say. "Sun exposure depletes collagen, which keeps the skin smooth and firm," says dermatologist E. Victor Ross, MD. "It can dilate blood vessels to give skin a red tone. And it causes the brown pigment in the skin to be more pronounced, which can make the skin look blotchy. It also creates something called elastotic material, which creates a cobblestone appearance in the skin."

Managing stress in a healthy manner not only helps you look younger, it can prevent premature aging on a cellular level. "While stressful, a moment of stress here and there isn't problematic. It's the chronic, long-term stress that can wear our bodies down and lead to premature aging," says Mona Brownfield, MD. "Research has found the hormones produced with chronic stress can age our brain and immune systems. Those who are constantly stressed have higher instances of dementia and memory loss, as well as more damaged cells within their immune systems. Stress also lends itself to high blood pressure, making you more susceptible to heart disease and other conditions typically found in older populations."6254a4d1642c605c54bf1cab17d50f1e

Not only does exercise give your skin an incredible youthful glow, it encourages anti-aging on a cellular level. "Running allows your muscles to behave like much more youthful muscles," says Justus Ortega, Ph.D., a professor of kinesiology and the director of the Biomechanics Lab at Humboldt State University. "It's this crazy trickle-down effect. If you're able to keep your mitochondria in a more healthy state through running, that allows you to be more active in all the other aspects of your life, and that can help to stave off all the things that we typically see with agingheart disease, diabetes, obesity, bone loss."

Smoking is terrible for your health, and terrible for your skin. "Smoking can speed up the normal aging process of your skin, contributing to wrinkles and other changes to the appearance of your face," says J. Taylor Hays, M.D. "These changes include crow's-feet, pronounced lines between the eyebrows, uneven skin complexion, a grayish tone on lighter skin, deep creases and puffiness below the eyes, wrinkles around the mouth, and thinner lips The damage to your skin from smoking can't be reversed. But if you quit smoking now, you will no longer accelerate the problem and may prevent worsening of the damage."

It's called "beauty sleep" for a reasongetting enough sleep can take years off your appearance. "Human growth hormone (HGH) has its highest production during slow-wave sleep," says Shelby Freedman Harris, Psy.D. "HGH is a key player in keeping us looking young even after we've finished growing. HGH is produced by the pituitary gland and is in high levels during childhood and adolescence. After we've grown, HGH levels drop off and stay at low, steady levels during adulthood. Deficiencies in HGH can lead to reduced muscle mass, slower metabolism, more belly fat and sagging skin. Sleep more, and you'll likely increase your HGH levels."

Ferozan Mast

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The #1 Fastest Way to Look Younger, Says Science Eat This Not That - Eat This, Not That