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Are you someone who starts and ends your day with a huge glass of milk? While that is a very healthy choice but if you have been suffering from severe acne breakouts, you may want to reconsider your milk or overall dairy intake.

There can be countless reasons why one goes through this horrid problem of acne. Especially if you are a teenager, this phase is basically a rite of passage for you. But if there is a possibility that you are getting breakouts because of milk consumption, Health Shots is here with information that will help decode the mystery that surrounds dairy and acne.

According to popular dermatologist Dr. Jaishree Sharad, it has been proven by various studies that milk can cause you to have acne. In her recent Instagram post, she explained how this happens:

1. Sometimes cows are administered with bovine growth hormones to increase the amount of milk they produce. Now, because of this growth hormone, the milk produced by these cows is high in IGF1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor) which causes us to have acne.

2. Drinking this milk leads to an increase in insulin and an increase in IGF1 in our blood.

3. These two leads to an increase in oil production, an increase in androgen (hormones responsible for puberty) production and an increase in absorption of male hormones which causes acne.

It has been found that skimmed milkwhere all milk fat is removed from whole milkis more likely to cause breakouts. According to studies cited by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD):

* Among more than 47,000 women in the US, those who drank at least two glasses of skim milk a day as teenagers were 44 percent more likely to have had acne.

* Among just over 6,000 girls between ages 9 and 15, those who drank the most cows milk were more likely to have acne, with no differences based on the fat content of the milk.

* Among more than 4,000 boys between ages 9 and 15, those who drank skim milk were more likely to have acne.

Dairy is a huge part of our lives and many people find it hard to even start their day without a cup of steaming hot milk based tea.

1. Opt for plant-based milk. Plant milk is a plant beverage with a color resembling that of milk. Plant milks are non-dairy beverages made from a water-based plant extract for flavoring and aroma. Plant milks are consumed as alternatives to milk, and often provide a creamy mouthfeel.

2. You may also take yogurt, buttermilk, paneer and cheese but in moderation. Even though these are by-products of milk, still studies found them not guilty of causing acne.

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Dairy and acne: Can milk be a cause of your acne problem? - Health shots

When you think about all the things that can affect your skin, sleep isn't usually the first thing to come to mind. You may have heard that quality sleep is essential for our overall well-being, but did you know that it's also a big factor that impacts our appearance? However, it's not always easy for us to get those recommended 7 to 9 hours of beauty sleep. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 70 million Americans suffer from chronic sleep disorders.

So, what does poor sleep do to your appearance and health? Here's what we know.

Read more: Fall Asleep Faster by Doing This Thing Right Before Bed

You might have heard the term "beauty sleep" before. Turns out, it's real and may be the closest thing to the fountain of youth you can get. When you sleep, your body enters recovery mode and each stage of sleep is crucial to skin recovery.

During varying stages of sleep, the body produces multiple hormones including human growth hormone, melatonin and cortisol. These hormones play critical roles in recovery including repairing skin from daily damage, keeping our skin looking youthful and protecting your skin from free radicals that can cause damage to cells.

When sleeping, every hour counts. If you're having trouble getting the recommended hours of sleep, check out our guide on how to get better sleep.

A 2017 study found that lack of sleep has the potential to negatively affect your facial appearance and may decrease others' willingness to socialize with the sleep-deprived person. Here's how not getting enough shut-eye affects your appearance.

Skin: Let's start with the basics. Lack of sleep affects your appearance by making you look tired. You know, bags under the eyes and all that jazz. Not only does poor sleep affect your skin but also its normal functions -- like collagen production. Excess cortisol due to the stress of sleep deprivation is a common cause of acne.

Hair: Lack of sleep also impacts your hair growth since collagen production is affected when we don't get enough sleep, making your hair more prone to thinning or hair loss. Sleep deprivation can also cause stress on the body and increase cortisol, which can lead to hair loss.

Eyes: Just one night of poor sleep is enough to cause dark circles under your eyes. Lack of sleep can cause the blood vessels around your eyes to dilate and create dark circles or puffiness. Depending on your natural skin tone, these dark circles may be visible as shades of blue, purple, black or brown.

Read more: How to Fall Asleep in 10 Minutes or Less

Sleep deprivation goes beyond affecting the way you look. Lack of sleep can also affect the way your body and mind work.

Prolonged deprivation can make you feel sluggish and fatigued, which means less energy to get you through the day. Other studies have linked lack of sleep to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes and high cholesterol due to the higher levels of cortisol.

Studies show that sleep deprivation can affect memory function and emotional stability, as well as impair decision-making skills. Poor sleep can hurt your performance at work, lead to mood swings and enhance emotions like anger and sadness.

Data from a 2021 study found that people ages 50 through 60 who got 6 hours or less of sleep were at greater risk of developing dementia. Those who got less sleep than the recommended seven hours, were 30% more likely to be diagnosed with dementia later in life than those who got the recommended hours of sleep.

In addition to how you look, how you sleep can also impact your weight. Sleep deprivation has been linked to weight gain and a higher risk of obesity in men and women. Similarly, people with severe sleep apnea tend to experience increased weight gain.

One study that followed 68,000 middle-aged American women for 16 years found that women who slept five hours or less a night where 15% more likely to become obese over the course of the study than those who slept seven hours.

Ready to catch up on some beauty rest? Follow these tips for sleeping for better skin:

How to build a good routine? Here are four steps to try:

1. Go to bed at approximately the same time each night.2. Wake up at approximately the same time every morning.3. Limit your naps to 30 minutes or less.4. Maintain a regular sleep schedule on weekends.

Read more: How to Create the Ideal Environment for Better Sleep

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

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Beauty Sleep: The Toll Poor Sleep Takes on Your Appearance and Health - CNET

By Kanika Khanna|Part of our Next-Generation Neuroscience series

Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Interdisciplinary Scholar Shixuan Liu studies seasonal rhythms in the diminutive mouse lemur in the Stanford laboratories of Mark Krasnow and James Ferrell.Photo credit: Steve Fisch

Animals in the wild may not have an annual planner to keep track of the year, but they nonetheless manage to keep to a strict calendar for example knowing just what time of the year to breed and when to hibernate. Research into the circadian clocks that regulate our 24-hour cycles led to a recent Nobel Prize, but very little is known about how animals maintain much longer-term seasonal rhythms.

Shixuan Liu aims to tackle this thorny question using her deep expertise in quantitative biology. The Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Interdisciplinary Postdoctoral Scholar has previously used systems biology approaches to study molecular oscillations in cells and quantitative imaging to explore the dynamics of cell division that operate on a timescale of hours. But now she is taking a leap across biological and temporal scales applying her quantitative know-how to understand year-long oscillatory patterns across an entire organism.

Mouse lemurs are primates that are about twice the size of a mouse and live exclusively on Madagascar.Photo credit: Robert Siegel

To study these long-term oscillations, Liu turned to the mouse lemur, a diminutive primate native to Madagascar that exhibits robust seasonal rhythms breeding during the summer and hibernating during the winter. There is a great deal of excitement about establishing the mouse lemur as a model organism in neuroscience and primate biology as it is genetically more closely related to humans than mice, reproduces fast and is easy to breed in the lab.

Working in the labs of James Ferrell in the Department of Chemical and Systems Biology and Mark Krasnow in the Department of Biochemistry, Liu is currently leading a massive global effort to build a molecular cell atlas of the mouse lemur. With a team of collaborators around the world, she is looking at gene activity simultaneously in hundreds of cells types in different tissues all across the animal during different seasons.

Using this atlas, Liu hopes to uncover the intrinsic master calendar that controls seasonal rhythms in the mouse lemur. By understanding the biology behind seasonal rhythms, we may gain insights into important medical mysteries, such as why some psychological disorders and metabolic syndromes display seasonal variations and why globally more people die in winter than any other time of year.

We spoke with Liu about her work in establishing the mouse lemur as a model system to study seasonal rhythms, how hormone regulation may play an important role in this process and how the scientific community at large can benefit from open-access resources her work has created.

Liu has helped lead an international effort to create a molecular cell atlas for the mouse lemur, a public resource which she hopes will advance ability of researchers around the world to use this valuable model organism to better understand the evolution and function of the primate brain.Photo Credit: Steve Fisch

I have always been interested in quantitative biology. My PhD work focused on understanding molecular pathways that control cell cycle dynamics using quantitative microscopy. For my postdoctoral research, I wanted to apply this systems biology approach to understand molecular interactions at an organismal level. So at the end of my PhD, I talked with James Ferrell (Jim), a systems biologist at Stanford who studies the cell cycle oscillator and builds theoretical models of oscillator mechanisms in various biological systems.

Jim was interested in the idea of long-term biological oscillators. He had been talking with Mark Krasnow, who has been doing really exciting work to establish an animal called the mouse lemur as a new primate model organism. This also happens to be an appealing model for studying seasonal rhythms that are widespread in wild animals, yet we do not have a good understanding of how they work. One of the problems is that domesticated animals like laboratory mice have lost seasonal rhythms and hence, are not ideal candidates for the study of seasonal rhythms.

Mouse lemurs are among the smallest primate in size, only about 11 inches long and weighing ~60 grams. They share many logistical advantages of working with mice in the laboratory such as rapid reproduction. At the same time, they are more closely related to humans than mice on the evolutionary tree. As a part of a large international consortium, Marks lab is doing groundbreaking work to establish useful resources to study this emerging model organism. I was very excited to explore new frontiers in a cutting-edge research area and joined the two labs for my postdoc.

Mouse lemurs exhibit striking seasonal changes in body mass and reproduction. During the summer, they have higher metabolic rates and are relatively lean. Summer is also their breeding season. During the winter, however, the animals transition into hibernation or torpor to conserve energy as resources become scarce. Their metabolic rates decrease and they accumulate fat in different body parts, especially the tail.

Of course, many wild animals exhibit seasonal rhythms. For instance, certain Arctic species routinely change the color of their coat to snowy white in winters. This phenomenon called seasonal molting involves the shedding of an external layer of the animal like fur or feathers and provides camouflage in snow.

Humans may not show obvious seasonality, but several reports suggest certain trends. A famous example is the seasonal affective disorder (SAD) where patients face depression in winters and naturally recover in the spring. In addition, more people die during winters than summers. In the northern hemisphere, deaths are higher in December, January and February, while in the southern hemisphere, deaths are higher in corresponding winter months of June and July. In the US alone, death rates are about 10% higher in winter months.

Recently, Michael Snyders lab at the Department of Genetics identified many blood biomarkers and hormones that show seasonal trends. For example, they found that HbA1c, a common biomarker for type 2 diabetes peaks in summer and declines in winter. Similarly, molecular signatures associated with immune responses, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases also often peak seasonally. Recently, Uri Alons lab at the Weizmann Institute systematically analyzed millions of blood tests of the Israeli population from the last 15 years and observed seasonal rhythms in many hormones, like peaking of sex hormones in winter and growth hormones in spring. So, if we understand the mechanisms of seasonal rhythms in humans, we can potentially design treatment strategies for season-related illnesses or deaths.

A heat-map plot from the mouse lemur cell atlas online portal allows researchers to cross-reference gene expression data from more than 750 cell types. Image credit: Tabula Microcebus

In order to study a new model organism, it is essential to build a cellular and molecular foundation. The Molecular Cell Atlas of the mouse lemur is essentially a detailed catalog of over 750 types of cells and expression levels of proteins in different tissues in the lemur. We built this atlas using a technique called single-cell RNA-sequencing which allows us to measure expression of individual cells in different tissues of the organism.

This project depended on bringing in people from different fields including biologists, pathologists and genomicists as part of the Tabula Microcebus Consortium, which consists of ~150 scientists from over 50 labs at 15 institutions worldwide.

We have created a publicly accessible online portal hosted by The Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub where the scientific community can study cell types of the mouse lemur by tissue, organ and function. The data can be used to compare cell types to each other in different parts of the body and also for comparison across species like human and mouse where similar information is available. We believe the atlas will be useful in understanding not only seasonal rhythms in the mouse lemur but also broader questions in the field of primate biology and evolution. The pipeline can also be used to build similar atlases for emerging new model organisms.

We know about cells in the hypothalamus that coordinate the 24-hour circadian cycle, but we do not know much about cells or molecules that coordinate the 12-month annual cycle in animals. Fortunately for us, mouse lemurs are ideal animals to study seasonal rhythms. Our collaborators Fabienne Aujard, Martine Perret, Jeremy Terrien and their colleagues at the National Natural History Museum in France have established a large breeding colony of ~500 mouse lemurs and unlike standard lab animals they exhibit seasonal rhythms in the lab, including seasonal weight changes, hibernation, and breeding behaviors.

Many animals, including the mouse lemur, can sustain seasonal rhythms even when the length of the day remains constant. This suggests an internal calendar controls these rhythms, independent of environmental cues. The molecular cell atlas of the mouse lemur we created gives us detailed information about what biological markers that are produced in different types of cells across different tissues of the animal. I am now comparing samples collected during summer and winter to create a seasonal version of this atlas. This will allow us to identify factors regulating and driving seasonal rhythms by measuring changes in levels of molecules in different cells of the body in different seasons.

We think hormone regulation may be vital for seasonal rhythms due to the kind of phenotypic changes observed in different seasons. In our recent preprint, we described 12 hormones that differed in concentration during summer and winter, including testosterone, melatonin, thyroid and several gut hormones. We also found that these hormones target a broad range of cells and tissues. We know about changes in appearances in some tissues during different seasons, for example, increased fat in adipose tissues and decreased size in gonads during winter. Our data suggest that many other cell types likely experience changes in their physiology or function in response to the seasonal hormones. In the future, we may be able to tease apart these mechanisms and compare them to seasonally varying hormones in other organisms like humans to understand season-associated human diseases.

Traditionally, in order to study a biological process, we have often focused on only one or few molecules and pathways. A molecular cell atlas, on the other hand, provides insights into relationships between different cell types and organs on an organism-wide level. We are now using the atlas to study mouse lemur gene evolution, physiology, and disease with different collaborators. In collaboration with Prof. Peter Perham at the Stanford School of Medicine, we are studying expression levels of immune genes in different cell types. We also have an ongoing collaboration with Prof. Bo Wang at Stanford Bioengineering to study the evolution of gene expression patterns across human, lemur, and mouse. We hope this rich data can be further exploited by the broader research community to better understand primate biology and disease.

All our data and pipelines are publicly accessible. We believe this will be a valuable resource for establishing cell atlases in emerging model organisms. This will also serve as a new way to identify genes and their function by doing organism-wide comparisons and break away from the mold of studying select few genes in only select model organisms.

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Q&A: A year in the life of the mouse lemur - Stanford University

Liverdisease can be very sneakyif people don't know the signs, it can be easy to miss until the disease is advanced. "That's the tough part of treatment," says Anurag Maheshwari, MD, a gastroenterologist with the Institute for Digestive Health and Liver Disease at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore. "Convincing patients that they need to act now in order to avoid complications in the future can sometimes be a challenge, because they don't feel any different today." Here are five sure signs of liver disease, according to doctors. Read onand to ensure your health and the health of others, don't miss these Sure Signs You've Already Had COVID.

Carrying excess weight and having diabetes are strongly correlated with fatty liver disease, doctors say. "Two risk factors for NAFLD, obesity and diabetes, are becoming more prevalent," says Laura Dichtel, MD, MHS, of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. "We currently do not have any FDA-approved treatments for NAFLD, and weight loss is the only effective treatment. Understanding how growth hormone improves liver fat and inflammation in people with NAFLD could lead to the development of novel targeted treatments."

"One of the most common and debilitating symptoms among individuals with liver disease is fatigue," says Melissa Palmer, MD. "It is universal to all varieties of liver disease from Primary Biliary Cirrhosis to Chronic Hepatitis C. In some patients, fatigue begins several years after the diagnosis of liver disease is made. In others, it was the primary reason for seeking medical attention. In such individuals multiple visits are made to a variety of physicians in search of a cause of their extreme lassitude. Some patients even seek psychiatric evaluation, as an accompanying symptom is often depression."

Jaundice is a common symptom of liver disease, and should never be ignored. "Many disorders that cause jaundice, particularly severe liver disease, cause other symptoms or serious problems," says Danielle Tholey , MD, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University. "In people with liver disease, these symptoms may include nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, and small spider-like blood vessels that are visible in the skin (spider angiomas).

Abdominal pain could be because of ascites, a sign of liver damage. "Ascites is fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity caused by fluid leaks from the surface of the liver and intestine," according to Johns Hopkins Medicine. "Ascites due to liver disease usually accompanies other liver disease characteristics, such as portal hypertension. Symptoms of ascites may include a distended abdominal cavity, which causes discomfort and shortness of breath."

Unexplained weight loss could be a sign of liver disease, experts warn. "Because the liver plays a key role in the digestive system, cirrhosis and cancer in the liver can both cause you to lose your appetite and you may lose weight," according to the Cancer Council of New South Wales.

If you experience any symptoms of liver disease, seek medical attention immediatelythe earlier liver disease is diagnosed, the better your chances for treatment. "You don't want to turn yellow with jaundice or feel pain in your upper right abdomen because those are signs your liver is already very sick," says Saleh Alqahtani, MD, director of clinical liver research for Johns Hopkins Medicine. "It is far better to stop liver disease before it gets too serious."6254a4d1642c605c54bf1cab17d50f1e

Ferozan Mast

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Sure Signs You Have Liver Disease, Say Physicians Eat This Not That - Eat This, Not That

Data Bridge Market Research

The increase in the prevalence of cancer across the globe acts as one of the major factors driving the growth of biomarkers market

NEW YORK, Aug. 02, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- A Qualitative Research Study accomplished by Data Bridge Market research's database of 350 pages, titled "Global Biomarkers Market" with 100+ market data Tables, Pie Charts, Graphs & Figures spread through Pages and easy-to-understand detailed analysis. The statistical and numerical data are represented in graphical format for a neat understanding of facts and figures of market research analysis. Furthermore, the superior business report presents the data and information for actionable, most recent, and real-time market insights which make it easier to even take critical business decisions. The market insights gained through this Biomarkers market research analysis report facilitate a more defined understanding of the market landscape, issues that may interrupt in the future, and ways to position a definite brand excellently.

The global Biomarkers Market was valued at USD 43.13 million in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 153.34 million by 2029, registering a CAGR of 14.90% during the forecast period of 2022-2029. The market report curated by the Data Bridge Market Research team includes in-depth expert analysis, patient epidemiology, pipeline analysis, pricing analysis, and regulatory framework.

Request to Download Sample Copy of Biomarkers Market @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-biomarkers-market&GNW/02Aug2022

Market Overview:-

Biomarkers are referred to as minimally or non-invasive tools. These are integrated with key imaging and data management technologies. These tools are widely utilized in imaging technology to provide clear imaging of oncology tumors and other problems. Biomarkers reduce the chance of radiation exposure during imaging through MRI scan and CT scan.

Some of the major companies which are dealing in the Biomarkers market are

Enzo Biochem Inc. (US)

Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (US)

Merck KGaA (Germany)

PerkinElmer Inc. (US)

QIAGEN (Germany)

Agilent Technologies, Inc. (US)

Bruker (US)

Epigenomics AG (Germany)

MESO SCALE DIAGNOSTICS, LLC (US)

EKF Diagnostics Holdings plc (UK)

General Electric Company (US)

Nexus-Dx (US), LifeSign LLC (US)

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (Switzerland)

Story continues

Recent Development

QIAGEN N.V. (Netherlands) launched first FDA-approved tissue companion diagnostic, therascreen KRAS RGQ PCR Kit in May2021. The diagnostics will identify the KRAS G12C mutation in NSCLC tumors and expand precision medicine options.

Access Full 350 Pages Report @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/checkout/buy/enterprise/global-biomarkers-market?GNW/02Aug2022

Important Facts about This Market Report:-

This research report reveals this business overview, product overview, market share, demand and supply ratio, supply chain analysis, and import/export details

This research presents some parameters such as production value, marketing strategy analysis, Distributors/Traders and effect factors are also mentioned

Porter's five forces analysis, value chain analysis, SWOT analysis are some additional important parameters used for the analysis of market growth

Opportunities

Furthermore, increase in demand for personalized medicine extend profitable opportunities to the market players in the forecast period of 2022 to 2029. Also, continuous product innovation will further expand the market.

Biomarkers Market Dynamics

This section deals with understanding the market drivers, advantages, opportunities, restraints and challenges. All of this is discussed in detail as below:

Prevalence of Cancer

Funds and Grants

Diagnostic Biomarker Technology

Highlights following key factors:

SWOT Analysis A detailed analysis of the companys strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats

To View Detailed Report Analysis, Visit @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-biomarkers-market?GNW/02Aug2022

Global Biomarkers Market Scope and Market Size

The biomarkers market is segmented on the basis of type, application, product type, technology and indication. The growth amongst these segments will help you analyze meagre growth segments in the industries and provide the users with a valuable market overview and market insights to help them make strategic decisions for identifying core market applications.

Type

Application

Product Type

Consumables

Services

Software

Technology

Safety Biomarkers

Efficacy Biomarkers

Validation Biomarkers

Indication

Cancer

Cardiovascular Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Immunological Disorders

Others

Strategic Points Covered in Global Biomarkers Market Table of Content:

Chapter 1:Introduction, the basic information of the Global Biomarkers Market & product overview

Chapter 2:Objective of Study and ResearchScope of the Biomarkers Market

Chapter 3:Biomarkers Market Dynamics- driving growth factors, disruptive forces, Trends and Challenges & Opportunities

Chapter 4:Market Factor Analysis, Biomarkers Market Value Chain, PESTEL & PORTER Model, Market Entropy, Patent/Trademark Analysis

Chapter 5:Player Analysis; Competitive Landscape, Peer Group Analysis of Biomarkers Market, Strategic Group Analysis, Perpetual Mapping, BCG Matrix & Company Profiling

Chapter 6:Displaying Market Revenue Size by Type, application /vertical or end users, other Segments

Chapter 7:To evaluate the market by countries further broken down by countries

Chapter 8:Research Methodology

Chapter 9:Data Source

Explore Detailed TOC @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-biomarkers-market&GNW/02Aug2022

Browse Trending Reports by DBMR

North America Biomarkers Market, By Type (Safety Biomarkers, Efficacy Biomarkers, Validation Biomarker), Product (Consumables, Services, Software, Growth Hormone Therapy), Mechanism (Genetic, Epigenetic, Proteomic, Lipidomic, and Other Mechanisms), Application (Diagnostics Development, Drug Discovery and Development, Personalized Medicine, Disease Risk Assessment, Others), Disease Indication (Cancer, Cardiovascular Disorders, Neurological Disorders, Immunological Disorders, Others), Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico, Germany) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2029. https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/north-america-biomarkers-market

Asia-Pacific (APAC) Biomarkers Market, By Type (Safety Biomarkers, Efficacy Biomarkers, Validation Biomarker), Product (Consumables, Services, Software, Growth Hormone Therapy), Mechanism (Genetic, Epigenetic, Proteomic, Lipidomic, and Other Mechanisms), Application (Diagnostics Development, Drug Discovery and Development, Personalized Medicine, Disease Risk Assessment, Others), Disease Indication (Cancer, Cardiovascular Disorders, Neurological Disorders, Immunological Disorders, Others), Country (Japan, China, India, South Korea, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Rest of Asia-Pacific)-Industry Trends and Forecast to 2029 https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/asia-pacific-biomarkers-market

Europe Biomarkers Market, By Type (Safety Biomarkers, Efficacy Biomarkers, Validation Biomarker), Product (Consumables, Services, Software, Growth Hormone Therapy), Mechanism (Genetic, Epigenetic, Proteomic, Lipidomic, and Other Mechanisms), Application (Diagnostics Development, Drug Discovery and Development, Personalized Medicine, Disease Risk Assessment, Others), Disease Indication (Cancer, Cardiovascular Disorders, Neurological Disorders, Immunological Disorders, Others) https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/europe-biomarkers-market

Cancer Biomarkers Market, By Type (Genetic Biomarkers, Protein Biomarkers, Other Cancer Biomarkers) Cancer Type (Breast Cancer, Lung Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Blood Cancer, Melanoma, Ovarian Cancer, Liver Cancer, Stomach Cancer and Other Cancer Types), Technology (Imaging Technologies, Omic Technologies, Cytogenetic-Based Tests and Immunoassays), Applications (Drug Discovery and Development, Personalized Medicine, Diagnostics and Others), End User (Hospitals, Academic and Cancer Research Institutes, Ambulatory Surgical Centres and Diagnostic Laboratories) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2029. https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-cancer-biomarkers-market

North America Cancer Biomarkers Market, By Type (Genetic Biomarkers, Protein Biomarkers, Other Cancer Biomarkers), Product (PSA, HER-2, EGFR, KRAS, Others), Cancer (Breast Cancer, Lung Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Blood Cancer, Melanoma, Ovarian Cancer, Liver Cancer, Stomach Cancer, Others), Technology (Imaging Technologies, Omic Technologies, Cytogenetic-Based Tests and Immunoassays), Applications (Drug Discovery and Development, Personalized Medicine, Diagnostics and Others), End User (Hospitals, Academic and Cancer Research Institutes, Ambulatory Surgical Centers and Diagnostic Laboratories), Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2029. https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/north-america-cancer-biomarkers-market

Europe Cancer Biomarkers Market, By Product (Consumables, Services, Software, Growth Hormone Therapy), Type (Safety Biomarkers, Efficacy Biomarkers, Validation Biomarkers), Profiling Technologies (OMICS, Imaging Technology, Immunoassays, Cytogenetics and Bioinformatics), Service (Sample Preparation, Assay Development, Biomarkers & Testing), Application (Diagnostics Development, Drug Discovery and Development, Personalized Medicine, Disease-Risk Assessment, Others), Indication (Cancer, Cardiovascular Disorders, Neurological Disorders, Immunological Disorders, Others), Country (Germany, France, U.K., Spain, Italy, Russia, Netherlands, Turkey, Belgium, Switzerland, Rest of Europe) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2027 https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/europe-cancer-biomarkers-market

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Biomarkers Market to Garner USD 153.34 Million and is growing with a CAGR of 14.90% Forecast by 2029, Share, Size, Trends, Applications, Investment...

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I hate to admit it because it sounds so reactionary in the 21st century, but I believe some male-to-female transgender athletes, without mitigating intervention, may have an unfair advantage in womens sports.

I say this knowing that trans female athletes are a tiny minority in sports. But this is not about fear of hordes of trans competitors overwhelming womens sports. No.

This is about cisgender women being unable to secure precious entry and honors in sporting competitions because they might get beat out by someone who was born and raised with an extra quota of this hormone: testosterone.

That hormone is what, during adolescence, develops boys into adults generally bigger, stronger, and faster than females. And its a lifelong consequence.

In my view, this hormonal difference is the crux of the matter regarding trans female athletes in sports.

I know this attitude may be controversial, even reviled, by many liberals, among whom I consider myself a fellow traveler if not a card carrier, but I believe its a fair, reasonable, and defensible position.

To my mind, this is a justifiable policy conundrum, not an LGBTQ attack based on bigotry.

Of course, there are lots of people who disagree, like Jenna Scaramanga, a trans woman who recently wrote about her own feelings on this divisive topic:

[F]or some reason I care what the science says about whether trans women have competitive advantages. I really want to know the truth of it. Thats really hard, because all of the publicly-available experts seem to be either trans themselves or transphobes who do an extremely poor job of hiding their hostility. I get to spend my time reading articles and Twitter threads by people who hate me, and whoever Im reading I suspect that they are making the evidence fit a preconceived conclusion. And when I read argumentsin favorof trans womens inclusion in elite sports, I find myself worrying they arent rigorous enough. It all makes my stomach feel queasy.

I understand that for trans women, especially athletes, this is a terribly fraught issue. Lets take a look at historical data, and science to explore whether trans female athletes do get a natural, testosterone-linked sporting advantage.

Concerns about whether trans athletes enjoy baked-in competitive advantages have nothing to do with transphobia, and rather, everything to do with fairness in sports.

I fervently believe everyone has the right to proudly be whoever they inherently are, without shame, judgment, or prejudice. But if athletes have unfair advantages over their rivals, thats a problem, whether its the natural testosterone-plus benefit trans female athletes might have or other competitors doping with artificial testosterone (anabolic steroids).

Level playing fields are the heart and soul of fair athletic competition, like say a 250-pound athlete wrestling a 115-pound featherweight. Its all about fairness so that nothing untoward tips the scale of victory.

I see trans female athletes with a presumed testosterone benefit in the same vein. And while each sport is unique, a hormonal boost might have varying effects on or benefits to performanceas the International Olympic Committee acknowledged in new 2021 guidelines delegating eligibility determinations to each individual sporting body.

One could argue that if your mens team was lucky enough to have a 7-foot center, that over-endowed player would not be prohibited from playing, although a certain inherent advantage would be clearly evident. But the equalizer is that teams have a roughly equal opportunity to find naturally tall players, or three-point aces, or lazy, stumble-bum guards.

If a relatively large male-to-female trans basketball player were to suit up, eyebrows would raise about whether, due to her biology (i.e., her historical testosterone quotient), she had an unmatchable advantage.

We cant speak about this issue without addressing artificial testosterone. You might remember when China fielded Olympic teams of women swimmers in the 1990s who all looked like linebackers for the Los Angeles Raiders pro football team. In a 2012 retrospective article, the Sydney (Australia) Morning Herald wrote:

The Chinese womens swimming team came from obscurity to win 12 of 16 gold medals at the 1994 world titles in Rome, prompting suspicion among competitors, not least the Australian team.

The Chinese team was decimated by positive steroid busts at the Hiroshima Asian Games in 1994 and imploded for a second time in Perth in 1998.

At the 1994 Asian Games, the Herald wrote:

A routine customs check of a swimmers bag found enough human growth hormone to supply the entire womens swimming team for the duration of the meet.

Human growth hormone (hGH), believed to increase athletes speed, strength, and endurance, and anabolic steroids, is a synthetic form of testosterone that promotes significant muscle and strength enhancement, and has long been the illicit go-to drugs for athletes seeking to gain an advantage because even tiny improvements in physiology can bring victories. The Chinese used both.

Such substances are illegal in organized local, national, and international athletics due to the inherent and lopsided unfairness they engender in competition.

After Chinas stunning swimming dominance at 1994s World Championships, Dennis Pursley, the U.S.s national swim team director for both men and women, warned that due to very evident doping by the Chinese the future of international womens swimming could be in jeopardy without quick mitigation, according to a New York Times article that year. Pursely told the Times:

I believe you have to be incredibly naive to ignore the circumstantial evidence. The current situation is an exact replica of the G.D.R., and it is depriving deserving athletes of the attention and success they deserve.

Pursley was referring to a doping scandal at Montreals 1976 Olympics involving the German Democratic RepublicsEast Germanysathletes, particularly its swimmers. The athletes of the GDR, then a country of fewer than 17 million citizens, hauled in a trove of top medals at the games, third only to the United States and Soviet Union, whose populations then totaled hundreds of millions.

The 1976 USA Womens Olympic Team was right to cry foul, contended an article this year in Swimming World magazine. The USA team set nine American records at those Olympic Games only to see every record eclipsed by an East German swimmer riding high in the water from a systematic state-orchestrated drug program [including anabolic steroids] that claimed titles in 10 out of 11 individual races.

But the complaining Americans were portrayed by media as sore losers.

However, three years after East Germany ceased to exist with the reunification of the Federal Republic of Germany and the dismantling of the Berlin Wall in 1990, official GDR files were uncovered revealing that the GDR secret police, the Stasi, had supervised all-encompassing, systematic doping of East German athletes from 1971 to 1990. And in most cases, GRD athletes, including children, were unaware they were being doped, and state-funded labs were complicit by hiding and not reporting infractions of tested athletes.

If testosterone is relatively irrelevant to success in womens athleticsas many proponents of male-to-female trans athletes claim todaywhy were the Chinese and GDR so laser-focused on systematically doping their athletes with the substance? And why did they win so big with it?

Complicating matters, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 2021 released its Framework on Fairness, Inclusion and Non-discrimination on the basis of gender identity and sex variations,which delegated rule-making for trans athletes to individual sports federations, not the IOC, under a few guiding principles. Unlike previous IOC rules, testosterone levels werent among the new guidelines. The IOC wrote in a news release at that time:

Through thisFramework, the IOC seeks to promote a safe and welcoming environment for everyone involved in elite-level competition, consistent with the principles enshrined in the Olympic Charter. The Framework also acknowledges the central role that eligibility criteria play in ensuring fairness, particularly in high-level organised sport in the womens category.

The document is issued as part of the IOCs commitment to respecting human rights (as expressed in Olympic Agenda 2020+5), and as part of the action taken to foster gender equality and inclusion. In issuing this Framework, the IOC recognizes that it must be within the remit of each sport and its governing body to determine how an athlete may be at a disproportionate advantage compared with their peers, taking into consideration the nature of each sport.

Related: Life isnt fair, so why should sports be?

Of course, its noble for the IOC to prioritize the importance of inclusivity for trans people to participate equally in society, particularly in sports in this context. Indeed, Western societies are moving in tandem in this direction. But should inclusivity trump fairness?

This issue will eventually be ironed out, probably, but until more rock-solid data is gathered, it is reasonable, and fair, to try and appropriately mitigate the natural advantages trans female athletes may enjoyif they arent banned outright from competition.

Yet, prioritizing gender inclusivity or not, the overarching issue for each sport remains: how to best determine how an athlete may be at a disproportionate advantage. How can each sport now ensure competitive fairness regarding trans athletes?

With potentially huge personal and financial rewards available for successful elite athletes, this is not an idle question for athletes on the tantalizing cusp of dominance in their sports.

In her OnlySky piece, Scaramanga argues that,

The main thing you need to know about the freakout over trans women in sports is that, counterintuitively, its not about sports. FINAs spokesperson confirmed for Associated Press that there are no transgender swimmers currently competing.

But it is about sports.

As I mentioned above, the fact that relatively few transgender athletes are competing misses the fairness point. If even one trans competitor with a disproportionate advantage is victorious at the expense of a non-trans athlete, thats a travesty. As I said, its about fairness.

Deutsche Welle (DW), a German broadcast media firm, in a 2021 article said few studies have been done on elite trans athletes, but one study in 2020 of U.S. military personnel found that trans women maintain an edge after one year offeminizing hormone therapy, which usually includes suppressing testosterone levels and boosting estrogen.

Carried outby Dr. Timothy Roberts, a pediatrician and associate professor at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, and his colleagues, the researchalso found that while trans women after a year of hormone therapy continued to outperform non-transgender women, also known as cisgender women, the gap largely closedafter two years. But even then, trans women still ran 12% faster.

Still, the DW article pointed out:

Roberts, however, suggestedthe difference in running timesneeds additional perspective. It was a 12% advantage after two years in run times. But to be in the top 10% of female runners, you have to be 29% faster than the average woman. And to be an elite runner, youve got to be 59% faster than the average cis [birth-gender] woman, he told DW.

So, more concrete data is needed to show how or whether trans women athletes can fairly compete in sports, locally and internationally. Although trans female research is incomplete and results have been mixed, experts say data indicate a testosterone-boosted competitive advantage from adolescence exists, particularly in some sports, and that this edge can remain even after hormone suppression therapy such as that required by the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association).

It appears some workable resolution of the conundrum may eventually be possible, either a consensus hormone-reduction protocol or, as the IOC has decided, separate sport bodies will determine their own rules concerning trans female athletes. But its not a sure thing.

An excellent article last year in the New York Times, objectively summarizes the current impasse regarding trans female athletes and concludes that any breakthrough, even if possible, likely wont be a slam dunk.

Quoted in the article is scientist Tommy Lundberg of the Karolinska Institute outside Stockholm, Sweden, who has studied this issue extensively.

It is easy to sympathize with arguments made on both sides, Lundberg told the Times regarding gender identity versus biology. But, he added, It is going to be impossible to make everyone happy.

The issue is a Gordian knot, admits Dr. Eric Vilain, a geneticist specializing in sexual development who has advised the N.C.A.A. and the International Olympic Committee on transgender athletes, and who was also quoted in the Ties article. Vilain says the reason for this is that sports leaders face two almost irreconcilable positions in setting eligibility standardsone relying on an athletes declared gender and the other on biological litmus tests.

So the research and hand-wringing continues.

At the moment, though, sports bodies seem to be taking a cautionary approach. As Scaramanga wrote in her essay, FINA, the international swimming federation, has, pending further research into the issue, banned trans women from competing in womens categories for all the sports it governs, and 18 American states now ban trans teens from competing in school sports.

Sixteen athletes on female trans competitor Lia Thomas University of Pennsylvanias swim team sent a letter to the school and Ivy Leagueofficials stating that they believed Thomas competing on the team was unfair to other teammates. On the other hand, 23 teammates support Thomas.

We fully support Lia Thomas in her decision to affirm her gender identity and to transition from a man to a woman. Lia has every right to live her life authentically, the letter from opposing teammates states, per theWashington Post. However, we also recognize that when it comes to sports competition, that the biology of sex is a separate issue from someones gender identity.

The concerned teammates noted that when Thomas competed as a collegiate male, he was then ranked 462nd, while as a female she ranked No. 1.

These are fair concerns of athletes who focus all their prodigious energy on excelling in their sports and, as steroid-pumped Chinese and East German athletes once powerfully demonstrated, the hormones in our bodies naturallyor unnaturallycan unfairly tip the balance of victory. Or, on the flip side, deny the rewards of excellence.

This issue will eventually be ironed out in some fashion, probably, but until more rock-solid data is gathered, it is reasonable, and fair, to try and appropriately mitigate the natural advantages trans female athletes may enjoyif they arent banned outright from competition.

The end goal is to not inadvertently disadvantage cis-gender female athletes as gender fluidity becomes more a front-and-center issue in Western societies and increasing efforts are made to include trans athletes in sports.

The goal is to ensure fairness for all athletes.

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Is it trans-phobic to think female trans athletes have a leg up? - OnlySky