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Plant hormone – Wikipedia

Chemical compounds that regulate plant growth and development Plant hormone (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, from embryogenesis,[1] the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense,[2][3] stress tolerance[4][5] and through to reproductive development.[6] Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones.[7][8] Went and Thimann coined the term "phytohormone" and used it in the title of their 1937 book.[9] Phytohormones occur across the plant kingdom, and even in algae, where they have similar functions to those seen in higher plants.[10] Some phytohormones also occur in microorganisms, such as unicellular fungi and bacteria, however in these cases they do not play a hormonal role and can better be regarded as secondary metabolites.[11] The word hormone is derived from Greek, meaning set in motion

Growth hormone | Definition, Function, Deficiency, & Excess

Summary growth hormone (GH), also called somatotropin or human growth hormone, peptide hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of essentially all tissues of the body, including bone. GH is synthesized and secreted by anterior pituitary cells called somatotrophs, which release between one and two milligrams of the hormone each day.

Andy Pettitte’s 2007 take on PED use: "I tried HGH. Though it was not against baseball rules, I was not comfortable with what I was doing" -…

Andy Pettitte's 2007 take on PED use: "I tried HGH. Though it was not against baseball rules, I was not comfortable with what I was doing"   Sportskeeda

Endocrine disruptor – Wikipedia

Chemicals that can interfere with endocrine or hormonal systems Endocrine disruptors, sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents,[1] endocrine disrupting chemicals,[2] or endocrine disrupting compounds[3] are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (or hormonal) systems. These disruptions can cause cancerous tumors, birth defects, and other developmental disorders.[4] Found in many household and industrial products, endocrine disruptors "interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body that are responsible for development, behavior, fertility, and maintenance of homeostasis (normal cell metabolism)."[5] Any system in the body controlled by hormones can be derailed by hormone disruptors. Specifically, endocrine disruptors may be associated with the development of learning disabilities, severe attention deficit disorder, cognitive and brain development problems.[6][7][8][9] There has been controversy over endocrine disruptors, with some groups calling for swift action by regulators to remove them from the market, and regulators and other scientists calling for further study.[10] Some endocrine disruptors have been identified and removed from the market (for example, a drug called diethylstilbestrol), but it is uncertain whether some endocrine disruptors on the market actually harm humans and wildlife at the doses to which wildlife and humans are exposed

Insulin-like growth factor 1 – Wikipedia

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens 1B9G, 1GZR, 1GZY, 1GZZ, 1H02, 1H59, 1IMX, 1PMX, 1TGR, 1WQJ, 2DSR, 2GF1, 3GF1, 3LRI, 1BQT, 4XSS Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin which plays an important role in childhood growth, and has anabolic effects in adults. IGF-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene.[5][6] IGF-1 consists of 70 amino acids in a single chain with three intramolecular disulfide bridges. IGF-1 has a molecular weight of 7,649 Daltons.[7] In dogs, an ancient mutation in IGF1 is the primary cause of the toy phenotype.[8] IGF-1 is produced primarily by the liver.